Theme Of Oppression In Fahrenheit 451 - 710 Words

Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury uses many allusions to show the oppression in their society. Bradbury uses alludes to the book of Ecclesiastes to show how there is no individual thought in the Fahrenheit 451 society. He also alludes to Thomas Paine’s book Common Sense because it inspires individual thought and uprise against the government. Last, Bradbury alludes to Henry David Thoreau’s book, Walden to show how the Fahrenheit 451 society should be open to positive change. The use of the book of Ecclesiastes shows oppression in Montags life and those around him. Ecclesiastes shows oppression in Fahrenheit 451 because there is no individual thought †or wisdom in society. The book of Ecclesiastes is a book of wisdom in the Old†¦show more content†¦Thomas Paine’s work relates to Fahrenheit 451 because like Montag, the both are working against the government for freedom. Second, the intellectuals don’t have access to books so they have to me morize them which is oppression. Books are banned in the Fahrenheit 451 society just like how Common Sense was banned in England because they did not want the people to be inspired to uprise against the government. Granger says â€Å"We are all bits and pieces of history and literature and international law, Byron, Tom Paine, Machiavelli or Christ, it’s here† (145). The intellectuals store literature in their brains. This allusion to Thomas Paine shows oppression because the intellectuals are trying to take a stand against the government because books are illegal. Bradbury also alludes to Henry David Thoreau and his books Walden and Civil Disobedience to show oppression in Montag’s society. Walden talks about the beauty in individualism and self thought. â€Å"Walden is viewed not only as a philosophical treatise on labour, leisure, self-reliance, and individualism but also as an influential piece of nature writing. It is considered Thoreau’s mast erwork† (Encyclopedia Britannica). The lack of individualism because of the government, is clear evidence of oppression in the Fahrenheit 451 society. Second, Walden talks about the beauty in nature and small towns. In Montag’s society, there are no small towns and little nature, just bigShow MoreRelatedTheme Of Allusion In Fahrenheit 451922 Words   |  4 PagesFahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury is full of different allusions from different books and authors and also full of themes connected to the allusions. Some of the allusions in the book are Henry David Thoreau and his book, Walden. Guy Fawkes and the book of Job connect to the book as well. The theme of Henry David Thoreau and his book Walden, is the effects of oppression. In his book he wants to get away from the industrial society. â€Å"Escape the trappings of industrial progress † (Thoreau). He isolatesRead MoreFahrenheit 451 And V For Vendetta, By Ray Bradbury1457 Words   |  6 PagesIn the novel Fahrenheit 451 written by Ray Bradbury and the film V for Vendetta by James McTeigue, there are a different range of features of their text type which explore the common theme of individuality against oppression. A fascist government occupies London after a world war in V for Vendetta. Where V uses terrorist tactics to fight the dictators, after saving Evey from the secret police, he now discovers an ally in the battle against England’s corrupt government. Fahrenheit 451, set in the futuristicRead MoreSimilarities Between Graceling And Fahrenheit 4511584 Words   |  7 Pagesfocus in on two specific pieces that carry very different storylines: Fahrenheit 4 51 by Ray Bradbury, and Graceling by Kristin Cashore. First, we will identify what ideas and themes the two books represent, and how these ideas are similar to concepts we can identify in modern societies. Following the identification of themes, we will be able to isolate similarities between the two books and what they represent. Of course, the themes found in the books will parallel the author’s varying viewpoints, whichRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Fahrenheit 451 1413 Words   |  6 PagesAnimal Farm and Fahrenheit 451 Book-burning is the first thing that is explained about this future based society of Fahrenheit 451. Burning books is the obliteration of the single thought on paper or in one word- censorship. Books are considered evil because they make people question and think. All intellectual curiosity and thirst for knowledge must be quelled for the good of the state — for the good of conformity. Without ideas, everyone conforms, and as a result, everyone should be happy. WhenRead MoreAnalysis Of Ray Bradbury s Fahrenheit 451 1396 Words   |  6 PagesAn Analysis of Freedom of Information in Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury This study examines the issue of freedom of information in the story of literary oppression found in Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury. Bradbury presents the oppression of an authoritarian state that does not allow its citizens to reads books. Guy Montag is initially a servant of the state that requires him to locate and persecute members of the community that still collect books. In various cases, Bradbury defines the rightsRead MoreFahrenheit 451, By Ray Bradbury1554 Words   |  7 PagesThe Burning Truth: Symbolism in Fahrenheit 451 Because of individual freedoms and choices, citizens of the United States have the opportunity to be unique and to pursue their wildest dreams. The freedoms and opportunities offered to Americans allow them to dare to dream and achieve as long as they are willing to work and sacrifice. Imagine living in other countries where oppressive governments take away individual rights and take control of what citizens read, watch, and discuss—where free thoughtRead MoreFahrenheit 451 Essay517 Words   |  3 PagesIn Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury, we can see a lot of things wrong with the society, things that most people think could happen to us, but is it really that unrealistic? Ray Bradbury didnt think so when he wrote it because he was writing about his own time period, shortly after WWII, but the themes he wrote about are still present today. In the novel Fahrenheit 451, Ray Bradbury criticizes illusion of happiness, oppression, and loss of self, not only his fictitious society, but our society in realRead MoreFahrenheit 451 By George Orwell962 Words   |  4 Pagesnovel Fahrenheit 451 depict a dystopian society. This was a popular theme of the era since it was a time where the world was at war with a society that wanted complete control of the planet. That society being the totalitarian state of Nazi Germany, Italy and Japan. The settings that occur in both books depict that of what people could have experienced in the time period these books were published, something that readers for decades could relate to and learn a lesson from. Fahrenheit 451 is setRead MoreAnalysis of Ray Bradburys Fahrenheit 451525 Words   |  2 Pages Ray Bradbury’s dystopian novel, â€Å"Fahrenheit 451† depicts a future in which all books are outlawed, and the main character, Guy Montag, is a â€Å"fireman†, someone hired to burn books. The novel has won multiple awards and is widely regarded as one of Bradbury’s best works. â€Å"Fahrenheit 451† is largely subjected to interpretation, surrounded by many theories as to why it was written. â€Å"Fahrenheit 451† is strongly themed and can lead the reader to produce a plethora of ideas for it’s meaning , and theRead MoreOppression By George Orwell And Fahrenheit 4512355 Words   |  10 PagesExplore the ways in which oppression is achieved in 1984 and Fahrenheit 451 ‘If you want a vision of the future, imagine a boot stamping on a human face – forever’ O’Brien explains to Winston whilst torturing him near the end of Nineteen Eighty-Four. It is this sense of oppression which Orwell and Bradbury both portray in their novels. Oppression can be defined as the, ‘cruel or unjust use of power or authority’. In Nineteen Eighty-Four there is quite a clear sense of cruelness and totalitarianism

Food Rituals in Hinduism Free Essays

Hindu Traditions: Food and Purification Ashley LeBlanc Introduction to Eastern Religions Dr. Patricia Campbell November 16, 2010 LeBlanc 2 Hinduism is a religion that originated in India and is still practiced by most of the Natives as well as the people who have migrated from India to other parts of the world. Statistically there are over seven hundred million Hindus, mainly in Bangladesh, India and Nepal. We will write a custom essay sample on Food Rituals in Hinduism or any similar topic only for you Order Now Approximately eighty percent of the population in India is Hindu (Encyclopaedia Britannica n. d. ).The word Hindu comes from an ancient Sanskrit term meaning â€Å"dwellers by the Indus River,† referring to the location of India’s earliest know civilization, the Pakistan. The religion suggests commitment to or respect for an ideal way of life known as Dharma. Hinduism absorbs foreign ideas and beliefs making it have a wide variety of beliefs and practices. This has given it a character of social and doctrinal system that extends to every aspect of life. One of the most important aspects of the Hindu tradition is the food and purification process.Not only is the concept of purity and food seen in sacred texts, but also is a daily practice within Hindu practitioners. According to the Bhagavad Gita, â€Å"All beings come into existence from food. Food comes from rains. Rains originate from the performance of sacrifices. And sacrifice is born out of doing prescribed duties† (3:13). Therefore, food is verily an aspect of Brahman, which according to Jeffery Brodd is â€Å"the eternal, unchanging, infinite, immanent, and transcendent reality which is the Divine Ground of all matter, energy, time, space, being, and everything beyond in this Universe† (Brodd 2003, 17). Since the food is a gift from the gods, it should be treated with respect. Also in the Bhagavad Gita, Krishna states that there are three types of sacrifices, along with austerity and charity. Sattvic (cold) food is one that increases longevity, purity, strength, happiness, and taste; these foods are usually juicy or oily. These types of foods are allowed, and mostly recommended as offerings to the gods. Rajasic (or hot) includes foods that are bitter, sour, hot, spicy, and salty which is believed to lead to disease, unhappiness, and sorrow.When a LeBlanc person eats these foods without sacrifice, it is believed that they will develop the qualities they convey and act upon them (Michaels 2004, 183-184). When it comes to preparing food, the person preparing it is closely speculated. Purity is the goal during preparation. Chants and purification rituals with incense and offerings are done before, and sometimes after every meal. In the Hindu tradition, purification is not only an expression of external status, but also make one pure internally and morally.For example, a butcher or a farmer’s products would be considered impure for the fact that they are harming innocent living creatures for sustenance, whereas bakers and milkmen are reaping products without harm (Arthur M. Sackler Gallery 1996). The age, status, and sex of the person cooking and serving the food are also taken into account. Hindus also believe food that has been purified can be re-polluted by touching or even looking at it. Because of this, women who are menstruating cannot prepare or serve food for the fear of pollution.At the same time, many sacrifices and offerings are performed based on reciprocity. Another method in Hindu tradition to keep food pure during consumption is to eat with the right hand, as the left hand is seen to be impure since it is used for cleaning after defecation. 3 Another aspect that is closely looked at is who may accept cooked food from whom. The usual custom goes that the young can accept food from the elder, the inferior rank from the superior, the wife from the husband, and so on. The only exception in Hindu tradition is in weddings.In this circumstance, the bride’s family cooks for the usually higher-ranking groom and his family. Another example noted in Michael’s book is when â€Å"Brahman cooks, when hired by higher ranking Brahmans; or temple feedings, when the food is seen as leftovers of the gods and thus all believers stand at the same level and eat next to one another† (2004, 183). Also in terms of leftovers, it is seen as an act of respect if the wife consumes the leftovers of her LeBlanc 4 husband, or eats after him from his plate.This is deliberate pollution as the pure food has already been consumed and any leftovers have been touched by human hands, and thus impure. Food to Hindus is a lifelong religious and social concern; it stands at the core of religion and society. Some even say that â€Å"[food] shapes family life, caste-and-marriage rules, and religious and spiritual values† (Khare 2004, 415). There are many taboos, ritual exclusions, preferences and prescriptions concerning the conception of ‘vegetarianism’ and ‘nonvegetariansim’.This taboo c reates four separate areas of India that practice either vegetarianism or nonvegeratianism differently; The north constitutes Kashmir and Punjab to Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, and Madhya Pradesh; the ‘western’ includes Rajasthan, Gujarat, and Maharashtra, the ‘eastern’ region Bihar, Bengal, Assam, Orissa, and other northeastern states, and the ‘southern’ includes Kannada, Talminadu, Kerala, and Andhra Pradesh (Khare 2004, 415). Customary ways in these areas are passed on from generation to generation, and are practiced religiously. Food taboos are a historically complicated subject for Hindus.For example, the beef taboo creates ecological and political conflicts. According to Khare, â€Å"Brahmanical deification of cow played a crucial role long-term vis-a-vis Buddhism, producing a prologned religious, historical, and regional tussel, yielding, in the process, changing definitons of both nonviolence and vegetariansim† (2004, 416). Today, followers of Vishnu are most often vegetarians and practice right-handed rituals, whereas worshippers of the goddess justify meat eating, drinking, and left-handed rituals. Therefore, more modern interpretations of Hinduism in relation to dietary practices can still differ.In terms of prasada , or ‘blessed food’, are primarily vegetarian when being offered to gods such as Vishnu, Rama, Krishna, and Ganesh. One must also remember that not all goddess worshipers are meat-eaters, some still practice vegetarianism. (Khare 2004, 417). LeBlanc In terms of the actual ritual of purification, it differs from each practicioner. Hindus constantly practice the methods of obtaining control and exercising restraint methods of purification and of cultivation of positive moral qualities. Food in Hinduism, as previously mentioned, is one of the most celebrated rituals.For example, a child’s first feeding is celebrated as a samskara ( celebration at a stage of life). The ritual first begins with a clean 5 surrounding. When food is served, water is sprinkled around it. This is meant to purify the foods and make it worthy for sacrifice. Then, food is offered to five pranas (breath- one of the five organs of vitality or sensation) (Widgery 1930, 235); The five pranas, along with their explanation are as follows: Prana is responsible for the beating of the heart and breathing. Prana enters the body through the breath and is sent to every cell through the circulatory system.Apana is responsible for the elimination of waste products from the body through the lungs and excretory systems. Udana produces sounds through the vocal apparatus, as in speaking, singing, laughing, and crying. Also it represents the conscious energy required to produce the vocal sounds corresponding to the intent of the being. Hence Samyama on udana gives the higher centers total control over the body. Samana controls the digestion of food and cell metabolism (i. e. the repair and manufacture of new cells and growth). Samana also includes the heat regulating processes of the body. Auras are projections of this current.By meditational practices one can see auras of light around every being. Yogis who do special practise on samana can produce a blazing aura at will. Vyana is responsible for the expansion and contraction processes of the body, e. g. the voluntary muscular system (Prana 2010). LeBlanc 6 In conclusion, we can see through Hindu rituals and practices that food and purity plays an important role in everyday life. The importance of purity when consuming sacrificed foods or foods offered to a chosen deity is great. Hinduism thrives despite numerous reforms and shortcuts through gradual modernization and urbanization of Indian life.Thus, Hinduism, which sustained India through centuries of foreign occupation and internal disruption, continues to serve a vital function by giving passionate meaning and supportive form to the lives of Hindus today. How to cite Food Rituals in Hinduism, Essays

Market Management

Question : Discuss about the Market Managment ? Answer : Introduction The current report revolves the marketing strategies of the organizations that run the operation in a large market. The report prepares a situation analysis for the organization Coles, Australia. The report focuses on the planning process and analyzes the environments where Coles is currently running its operation. Coles is one of the popular retail stores with headquarter in Melbourne, Australia. The firm has gained popularity due to its increasing variety of services and large customer base. The marketing success of the firm relies on the implementation of innovative strategies that help the firm to gain competitive advantages. The firm is famous for its high quality of grocery products that highly embraced by Australians (Johnson, Ringham Jurd, 2013). The report starts with providing an in-depth situation analysis that includes both external and internal environment. In order to analyze the strength and weakness, both SWOT/TWOS analysis have been conducted.Situation Analysis External Analysis In this particular section, the attractiveness or the profitability of the Australian super market industry has been discussed to identify the current scenario of the market. Industry analysis- Porters five forces- Threats of the substitutes- It is observed that threats of substitutes is high as the retail organization Coles deals with many indirect competitors involving the convenience stores , specialized grocery stores and famers market. According to the evidences, these indirect competitors could be viable substitutes for Coles and bring sever challenge in the coming days (Wilkinson 2013). Bargaining power of supply- The bargaining power of the suppliers seems to be low in the retail industry. It is observed that Coles and its large competitors cover the large section of the market. As put forward by Johnson, Ringham and Jurd (2013), many local Australian producers have constrained selection of the intermediaries to select. Therefore, it can be mentioned that Coles and Woolworths are the large purchaser in the market resulting to low bargaining power. Bargaining power of the buyers-The bargaining power of the customers is medium in the retail sector of Australia. With the contribution of federal government and ACCC to decrease the impact of the competition obstacles, the new competition acquires the market, which increases the consumer choice (Li et al., 2013). Threats of New Entrants- The treat of new entrants is very low and the impact is expected to be unchanged for long. As Australian retail, market is one of the expensive markets. The entrants have to make a large investment to get into the market. It is evident that when a market is acquired cover two large retail giants, new the entrants may require years to stabilize their position in the market. Industry rivalry- The industry rivalry is high as the number of major players in the market is low. In addition, the lack of perceivable differentiation because of the generic nature of the services as well as the product offered is the reason behind the high competition. Market analysis- The regulation that has large impact on the competition in Australian industry is the Competition and Consumer Act 2010. The organizations in the retail industry have experienced a large growth in 2015 as the consequence of the wealth effect. As put forward by Sharma and Lambert (2013), a strong housing market is sustained by the low interest rates as well as household credit increase motivated the consumers to spend as the perceived values of the assets increased. The industry has experienced 4.1% growth and revenue gained $105 billion (Koumparoulis, 2013). The Australian retail industry is observed to be remaining under significant pressure from the consumer-based forces that includes increasingly diverse customer segments and the growth of the digital generation as well as the continuous journey of customers. Competitor analysis- The current market scenario of Australian retail industry indicates that the Coles and Woolworths cover almost 80% of the market; thus, the Woolworths is considered to be the major competitors in terms of sales, customers, market acquisitions and revenue growth (Boztepe, 2016). The other competitors are such as Franklins, Aldi, Specialty and other market. Figure 1: Competitor analysis (Source: Sharma Lambert, 2013) Porters generic strategies- Cost leadership-Hence, as the market acquisition strategy, the major competitors such as Woolworths sets out to become the low cost producer in its industry. It is also observed that the sources of cost advantages are varied and relies on the structure of the industry. As the market share of Woolworths is higher due to its nature of being low producer, Coles find it difficult and exploit all sources of the cost advantages if the organization wants to achieve as well as sustain over the cost leadership (Glanz, Bader Iyer, 2012). Differentiation- While applying this strategy, the firm needs to become unique in its industry based on some particular dimensions that are valued by the customers (Smither, Houston McIntire, 2016). Hence, the large competitor Woolworths implemented the strategy of product variation, where the introduced beef products based on the demand of the customers. This variation of the product is unique is as no retail organization in Australia has implemented this strategy Focus- The generic strategy of focus relies on the choice of narrow competitive scope within the industry. Thus, in order to gain the cost advantages from the retail market and to compete with Woolworths, Coles is relied on the lean management, in which it has the full control on the supply chain network. The firm gains the control over the waste materials to gain the cost advantages. Customer analysis Who The major buyers of Coles are the people that reside in the urban areas. A large percentage of the customers of Coles belong to large Australian cities. What There is a high demand for grocery products such as vegetarian items, milk, meat, drinks, fruits and clothes. Where A large percentage of the customers prefer to go the stores rather than buying online product. The people who belong to the city areas such as the Sydney and Melbourne that are most populate. When The grocery items are usually purchased on weekly basis Why They prefer to buy the grocery items from the retail stores as the stores have large varieties of product in front of their eyes. They do not have to look for any products while roaming around the outlet. In addition, as the deals and offers are offered along with the products, they customers have the opportunity to gain cost benefits. How As discussed above, an increasing number of the customers prefer the outlets. However, as Coles has lately started the online selling. Table 1: Customer analysis (Source: Burda Teuteberg, 2013) Macro environment Political Environment-It is evident that Coles is one of the popular retail stores in retail industry of Australia meeting the needs of the customers by establishing different retail stores. The political condition is often seen to be shaping the business environment offering the growth opportunities to the firm (Koumparoulis, 2013). As Coles is running the business in a market, which is largely stable; thereby the risk of business loss is not high. Figure 2: PESTLE analysis (Source: Connellb McManus, 2016) Economical factor- The economical factors such as recession and higher employment has a strong effect on the financial performance of the business. However, Australia is financially stable, the Coles has increasing market opportunities. Social factor- The Coles had identified the significance of the customers experience as the aspect of their sales as well as profitability. The firm has introduced advanced means of fulfilling the requirements of the customers (Glanz, Bader Iyer, 2012) Technological factors-When it comes to the technological factors, the advanced technologies that improve the shopping experience of consumers form a main area of the focus as well as retail organizations. Legal factor-It is observed that taxation policies as well as recruitment management are the part of the regulations developed by the federal government is the fundamental legal framework affecting the business. Environmental factor-Coles has been and participating the activities hat been investing its resource in decreasing the carbon footprint of the company and reducing the wastage of natural resources like water. Operational analysis 4ps marketing mix of Coles Product-The firm gains the popularity for its grocery products such as meat, fruit, Coles brands, diary, deli, bakeries and many more (WesFarmers.com, 2016). Price-The firms use skimming pricing strategies for all of its product and services. This means it launches a new product in the market; they use the premium pricing strategies, when the competitors start bringing the same products, Coles decrease the prices of that product. Figure 3:4ps marketing (Source: Cameron et al., 2013) Promotion-The retail store use attractive pricing with additional offers and deals such as 40% discount on certain number of purchase and loyalty points. Place- The firm runs all its outlets in the urban areas or the large cities of the country where the population is comparatively high. Financial analysis Particulars FY 2014 FY 2015 Earnings before interest and Tax 2,689 2,440 Statutory Loss After Tax 68.46% 64.58% Return on Invested Capital 8.61% 7.74% Positive Operating Cash Flow 3,226 3,791 Total cash position -1,240 -687 Velocity Frequent Flyer revenue 8.45% 11.09% Table 2: Financial analysis (Source: WesFarmers.com, 2016) Financial analysis is considered to measure the performance efficiency of the organization, which is determined by financial ratio of the profitability, financial position, liquidity and gearing information. Considering the financial information of Coles by measuring earnings before interest and tax reflected negative balance during 2014, which was low in 2015. It can be said the company improved its performance and the amount of loss declined in the subsequent year 2015 approximately by $200 million. However, cash fund of the organization reflected increased balance in the year 2015 as still it is in deficit, which company need to recover and it also reflects the organization is solvent and efficient in managing the resources to meet the current obligations. Additionally, return on invested capital also reflected decreased rate during the financial year 2015 by 7.74%, which is monitored 8.61% in the financial year 2014 representing the efficiency in optimum utilization of capital f unds as well as facing difficulties in terms of providing reasonable returns to the investors (WesFarmers.com, 2016). However, on the other hand, the organization has been efficient in utilizing the cost and resources to generate higher revenue and maximum profitability. As per the entire study, it is observed that Coles limited in one of the subsidiary company of Wesfarmers, which is affected due to uncertain market scenario, but company is having better financial support from their parent company, so there is possibility of growth in future. Product analysis The organization has large varieties of the products to satisfy the needs of large markets. The Coles introduced different vegetable products, grocery items such as eggs, rice, wheat, meat, dairy products, drinks, bakery items and many more. Baby products Dermatologically tested, Safe for sensitive skin, Fragrance free products Bakery Rustic Roll, Baked Clabatta, Baked Fruit and many more Dairy Friendly milks, Green pastures, Milk Table 3: Product analysis (Source: Burda Teuteberg, 2013) SWOT/TOWS Likelihood Impact Score STRENGTHS S1. Huge market share 8 S2. Attractive pricing strategies with the frequent price cuts and promotional offers on regular basis 7 S3. Impressive online order as well as delivery pickup service 6 WEAKNESSES W1. Negative publicity revolves around the negotiation with Australian suppliers that hurt the public sentiment 8 W2. Flaws in the products and services such as the habit of keeping the eggs in the shelves instead of cold store 7 OPPORTUNITIES O1. Seizing the control of the supply chain to manage the production and increase profits 7 8 56 O2. The geographical expansion could help the firm to expand the operation 8 9 72 THREATS T1. Intense competition in the supermarket space leading to the food price could plummet to low margins 7 8 56 T2. Customers have the confusion among the different generic brands 6 7 42 T3. The retail sector in Australia has been developing as competitors get into the dynamic business models 7 8 56 Table 4: SWOT analysis (Source: Hipp Roussell, 2013) TOWS analysis STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES OPPORTUNITIES SO S1,S3/O2: Using both online and outlet selling can expand their market share along with the geographical expansion WO W1/O2: Coles can counter the negative publicity with the help of business expansion strategies W2/O1: By controlling the supply chain Coles can handle the product and service flaws THREATS ST S2/T1: Coles can use attractive pricing strategies with frequent price and promotional offers so that the new competitors will not be able to capture the market, as they have to develop a low pricing strategy at the beginning WT W1/T2: Intense competition and negative publicity can lower the profit margins, which Coles can manage by business expansion W2/T3: Product and service flaws can deter Coles development in the retail sector. So, they have to implement a dynamic business model that can solve these issues and bring in profit for the organization Reference list Burda, D., Teuteberg, F. (2013). Sustaining accessibility of information through digital preservation: A literature review.Journal of Information Science,39(4), 442-458. Boztepe, A. (2016). Green marketing and its impact on consumer buying behavior.European Journal of Economic and Political Studies,5(1), 5-21. Smither, R., Houston, J., McIntire, S. (2016).Organization development: Strategies for changing environments. Routledge. Glanz, K., Bader, M. D., Iyer, S. (2012). Retail grocery store marketing strategies and obesity: an integrative review.American journal of preventive medicine,42(5), 503-512. Hipp, J. R., Roussell, A. (2013). Micro-and macro-environment population and the consequences for crime rates.Social forces,92(2), 563-595. Johnson, L. W., Ringham, L., Jurd, K. (2013). 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Retrieved 11 December 2016, from https://www.wesfarmers.com.au/ Wilkinson, F. (Ed.). (2013).The dynamics of labour market segmentation. Elsevier. Connell, J., McManus, P. (2016).Rural revival?: place marketing, tree change and regional migration in Australia. Routledge